Testing standards and methods of flame retardant fabrics
Time：2021-08-16Number of Views：776
What is flame retardant fabric
After special production technology finishing, it can effectively prevent the spread of flame. The textiles after flame retardant finishing will not burn when contacting the fire source, but make the fabrics reduce their flammability in the flame, slow down the speed of spread, and do not form large-area combustion; After leaving the flame, it can quickly self extinguish and no longer burn or smolder. It has good durable washing performance.
The main processes include: THPC (water-soluble flame retardant penetrates into the fiber, turns into polymer after ammonia fumigation chemical reaction, and permanently crosslinks with the fiber), CP (pyrovatex)
American Standard
The National Fire Protection Association has formulated a series of standards for the technical performance of different flame-retardant protective clothing, and nfpa2112 is mainly related to flame-retardant fabrics
NFPA 2112 standard for personal protective flame retardant clothing for industrial use
The flame retardant test adopts the vertical combustion method specified in ASTM d6413 standard, and the materials must meet the following requirements after testing:
The average carbonization length shall not exceed 102 mm. The average afterburning time shall not exceed 2S. There shall be no molten drops after the sample is ignited. For multi-layer materials, each layer needs to be tested separately and pass the above requirements.
Other test contents include:
Indirect HTP (heat transfer performance) ≥ 25j/c ㎡ (6.0 cal/c ㎡) direct HTP (heat transfer performance) ≥ 12.6j/c ㎡ (3.0 cal/c ㎡) thermal shrinkage ≤ 10% flash fire ≤ 50% (exposed area, hands and feet)
EU standard
The EU flame retardant test standards for protective clothing are mainly formulated by the European Technical Commission (cen/tc), and the current standards include EN ISO 11611:2007, EN ISO 11612:2008, and ENISO 14116:2008/ac:2009
En11611:2007 protective clothing for welding and similar processes
The test is carried out in accordance with ISO 15025:2000 standard, including surface combustion and vertical combustion. Depending on the type of material, one or two methods can be selected for testing. For surface burning tests, the material must meet the following requirements:
Any test sample shall not burn and spread to the edge or upper end of the fabric after being ignited. No holes shall be formed after any test sample is ignited. After any test sample is ignited, there shall be no burning droplets or molten objects falling. The average afterburning time must be less than or equal to 2S. The average smoldering time must be less than or equal to 2S.
EN ISO 11611 divides the fire-retardant safety level into class 1 and class 2. The technical indicators of the two levels are the same, and the material must meet the above requirements for surface and bottom combustion.
En11612:2007 protective clothing for workers operating in high temperature environment
This standard has made requirements for the overall performance, structural design, dimensional stability, flame spread, heat resistance and molten metal performance, size mark and shipping mark of the fabric. The flame retardant test method is implemented in accordance with ISO 15025 standard, and the flame retardant performance requirements are consistent with en11611, but EN ISO 11612 standard does not divide the safety level.
Chinese standards
The standard GB 8965.1-2009 for fire protection clothing and welding clothing issued by the General Administration of quality supervision, inspection and Quarantine of the people's Republic of China and the National Standardization Administration of China
Gb8965-1:2009 grade B
The flame retardancy test shall be carried out in accordance with gb/t 5455-1997 vertical combustion method, class B standard requirements
Afterburning time ≤ 2S smoldering time ≤ 2S damage length ≤ 100mm no molten drops allowed
test method
1 vertical method
This test method stipulates that the sample is placed vertically (the length direction of the sample is perpendicular to the horizontal line), the combustion source ignites the sample below the sample, and the minimum ignition time, afterburning time, flame retardancy time, flame spread speed, carbonization length (damage length), carbonization area (damage area) and other indicators related to flame retardancy of the test sample. The vertical burning method is mainly used for flame retardant testing of fabrics such as clothing textiles and curtains.
Common vertical test standards:
Gb/t 5455 textile flammability test
Gb/t 8745 Textiles - Flammability - Determination of surface burning time of fabrics
Ca TB117 California fire retardant test
16 CFR 1615/1616 flammability standard for children's pajamas
245 ° tilt method
This test method stipulates that the sample is placed at an angle of 45 ° (the length direction of the sample forms an angle of 45 ° with the horizontal line), the combustion source is on the upper or lower surface below the sample to ignite the sample, and the time required for the sample to burn upward for a certain distance is measured, or the afterburning, flame retardation time, flame spread speed, carbonization length Indications related to flame retardancy, such as carbonization area or the number of times to contact the flame when measuring the combustion of the sample to a certain distance from the lower end of the sample. The 45 ° tilt method is mainly used for flame retardant testing of carpets and other fabrics.
Common tilt test standards:
Gb/t 14645 flammability of textile fabrics Determination of damage area and number of flame exposure in 45 ° direction
ASTM D 1230 test method for flammability of clothing textiles
NFPA 702 flame retardant standard for California hospital clothing and bedding fabrics
BIFMA interior decoration material test standard
3 Horizontal method
This test method requires that the sample be placed horizontally, ignite at the head end of the sample, measure the spread distance of the flame on the sample and the time it takes to spread this distance, calculate the combustion rate, and use the combustion rate to characterize the flame retardancy of the fabric. The horizontal method is mainly used for the flame retardant test of automotive interior decoration materials.
Common horizontal method test standards:
Fz/t 01028 textile fabrics -- Determination of flammability -- Horizontal method
GB 8410 combustion characteristics of automotive interior materials
Combustion performance of interior decorative materials of fmvss302 (USA) federal transportation vehicles
IEC 60695-11-10 fire hazard test part 11-10: Test Method for 50W horizontal and vertical flames.
After special production technology finishing, it can effectively prevent the spread of flame. The textiles after flame retardant finishing will not burn when contacting the fire source, but make the fabrics reduce their flammability in the flame, slow down the speed of spread, and do not form large-area combustion; After leaving the flame, it can quickly self extinguish and no longer burn or smolder. It has good durable washing performance.
The main processes include: THPC (water-soluble flame retardant penetrates into the fiber, turns into polymer after ammonia fumigation chemical reaction, and permanently crosslinks with the fiber), CP (pyrovatex)
American Standard
The National Fire Protection Association has formulated a series of standards for the technical performance of different flame-retardant protective clothing, and nfpa2112 is mainly related to flame-retardant fabrics
NFPA 2112 standard for personal protective flame retardant clothing for industrial use
The flame retardant test adopts the vertical combustion method specified in ASTM d6413 standard, and the materials must meet the following requirements after testing:
The average carbonization length shall not exceed 102 mm. The average afterburning time shall not exceed 2S. There shall be no molten drops after the sample is ignited. For multi-layer materials, each layer needs to be tested separately and pass the above requirements.
Other test contents include:
Indirect HTP (heat transfer performance) ≥ 25j/c ㎡ (6.0 cal/c ㎡) direct HTP (heat transfer performance) ≥ 12.6j/c ㎡ (3.0 cal/c ㎡) thermal shrinkage ≤ 10% flash fire ≤ 50% (exposed area, hands and feet)
EU standard
The EU flame retardant test standards for protective clothing are mainly formulated by the European Technical Commission (cen/tc), and the current standards include EN ISO 11611:2007, EN ISO 11612:2008, and ENISO 14116:2008/ac:2009
En11611:2007 protective clothing for welding and similar processes
The test is carried out in accordance with ISO 15025:2000 standard, including surface combustion and vertical combustion. Depending on the type of material, one or two methods can be selected for testing. For surface burning tests, the material must meet the following requirements:
Any test sample shall not burn and spread to the edge or upper end of the fabric after being ignited. No holes shall be formed after any test sample is ignited. After any test sample is ignited, there shall be no burning droplets or molten objects falling. The average afterburning time must be less than or equal to 2S. The average smoldering time must be less than or equal to 2S.
EN ISO 11611 divides the fire-retardant safety level into class 1 and class 2. The technical indicators of the two levels are the same, and the material must meet the above requirements for surface and bottom combustion.
En11612:2007 protective clothing for workers operating in high temperature environment
This standard has made requirements for the overall performance, structural design, dimensional stability, flame spread, heat resistance and molten metal performance, size mark and shipping mark of the fabric. The flame retardant test method is implemented in accordance with ISO 15025 standard, and the flame retardant performance requirements are consistent with en11611, but EN ISO 11612 standard does not divide the safety level.
Chinese standards
The standard GB 8965.1-2009 for fire protection clothing and welding clothing issued by the General Administration of quality supervision, inspection and Quarantine of the people's Republic of China and the National Standardization Administration of China
Gb8965-1:2009 grade B
The flame retardancy test shall be carried out in accordance with gb/t 5455-1997 vertical combustion method, class B standard requirements
Afterburning time ≤ 2S smoldering time ≤ 2S damage length ≤ 100mm no molten drops allowed
test method
1 vertical method
This test method stipulates that the sample is placed vertically (the length direction of the sample is perpendicular to the horizontal line), the combustion source ignites the sample below the sample, and the minimum ignition time, afterburning time, flame retardancy time, flame spread speed, carbonization length (damage length), carbonization area (damage area) and other indicators related to flame retardancy of the test sample. The vertical burning method is mainly used for flame retardant testing of fabrics such as clothing textiles and curtains.
Common vertical test standards:
Gb/t 5455 textile flammability test
Gb/t 8745 Textiles - Flammability - Determination of surface burning time of fabrics
Ca TB117 California fire retardant test
16 CFR 1615/1616 flammability standard for children's pajamas
245 ° tilt method
This test method stipulates that the sample is placed at an angle of 45 ° (the length direction of the sample forms an angle of 45 ° with the horizontal line), the combustion source is on the upper or lower surface below the sample to ignite the sample, and the time required for the sample to burn upward for a certain distance is measured, or the afterburning, flame retardation time, flame spread speed, carbonization length Indications related to flame retardancy, such as carbonization area or the number of times to contact the flame when measuring the combustion of the sample to a certain distance from the lower end of the sample. The 45 ° tilt method is mainly used for flame retardant testing of carpets and other fabrics.
Common tilt test standards:
Gb/t 14645 flammability of textile fabrics Determination of damage area and number of flame exposure in 45 ° direction
ASTM D 1230 test method for flammability of clothing textiles
NFPA 702 flame retardant standard for California hospital clothing and bedding fabrics
BIFMA interior decoration material test standard
3 Horizontal method
This test method requires that the sample be placed horizontally, ignite at the head end of the sample, measure the spread distance of the flame on the sample and the time it takes to spread this distance, calculate the combustion rate, and use the combustion rate to characterize the flame retardancy of the fabric. The horizontal method is mainly used for the flame retardant test of automotive interior decoration materials.
Common horizontal method test standards:
Fz/t 01028 textile fabrics -- Determination of flammability -- Horizontal method
GB 8410 combustion characteristics of automotive interior materials
Combustion performance of interior decorative materials of fmvss302 (USA) federal transportation vehicles
IEC 60695-11-10 fire hazard test part 11-10: Test Method for 50W horizontal and vertical flames.